| Carbon dynamics | Dynamics of pools of carbon (as in global change models) |
| Cellular automata | Any system in which rules are applied to cells and their neighbors in a regular grid. |
| Chaotic behaviour | Dynamic behaviour that is aperiodic and has the property that a small perturbation can cause a large change to subsequent values, making it unpredictable in the long term |
| Chemical reactions | Modelling rates of chemical reactions, usually denoted by chemical equations |
| Climate change | Typically, changes relating to the greenhouse effect |
| Cohort modelling | Models a population as a set of cohorts, with each cohort being created at some point in time and having the attribute of the number of individuals in it. |
| Competition | Competition between plant or animal species |
| Conditional submodel | A submodel whose existence depends on some condition. May be single-instance, in which case it is either there or not there, or multi-instance, in which case only instances for some index values might exist. Association submodels are typically conditional. |