<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guyondet, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comeau, L.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Grant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A fully-spatial ecosystem-DEB model of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) carrying capacity in the Richibucto Estuary, Eastern Canada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Marine Systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Marine Systems</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42 - 54</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The success of shellfish aquaculture as well as its sustainability relies on adjusting the cultured biomass to local
ecosystem characteristics. Oyster filter-feeding activity can control phytoplankton concentration, reaching severe
depletion in extreme situations, which can threaten ecological sustainability. A better understanding of oyster–
phytoplankton interaction can be achieved by constructing ecosystem models. In this study, a fully-spatial hydro-
dynamic biogeochemical model has been constructed for the Richibucto Estuary in order to explore oyster carry-
ing capacity. The biogeochemical model was based on a classical nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus
(NPZD) approach with the addition of a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model of Crassostrea virginica. Natural
variation of chlorophyll was used as a benchmark to define a sustainability threshold based on a resilience frame-
work. Scenario building was applied to explore carrying capacity of the system. However, the complex geomor-
phology of the Richibucto Estuary and the associated heterogeneity in water residence time, which is integral in
estuarine functioning, indicate that the carrying capacity assessment must be specific for each area of the system.
The model outcomes suggest that water residence time plays a key role in carrying capacity estimations through
its influence on ecological resistance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramón Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Grant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Øivind Strand</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of marine spatial planning in shellfish aquaculture management: modeling studies in a Norwegian fjord</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Applications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/13-0479.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">832–843</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shellfish carrying capacity is determined by the interaction of a cultured species
with its ecosystem, which is strongly influenced by hydrodynamics. Water circulation controls
the exchange of matter between farms and the adjacent areas, which in turn establishes the
nutrient supply that supports phytoplankton populations. The complexity of water circulation
makes necessary the use of hydrodynamic models with detailed spatial resolution in carrying
capacity estimations. This detailed spatial resolution also allows for the study of processes that
depend on specific spatial arrangements, e.g., the most suitable location to place farms, which
is crucial for marine spatial planning, and consequently for decision support systems. In the
present study, a fully spatial physical-biogeochemical model has been combined with scenario
building and optimization techniques as a proof of concept of the use of ecosystem modeling
as an objective tool to inform marine spatial planning. The object of this exercise was to
generate objective knowledge based on an ecosystem approach to establish new mussel
aquaculture areas in a Norwegian fjord. Scenario building was used to determine the best
location of a pump that can be used to bring nutrient-rich deep waters to the euphotic layer,
increasing primary production, and consequently, carrying capacity for mussel cultivation. In
addition, an optimization tool, parameter estimation (PEST), was applied to the optimal
location and mussel standing stock biomass that maximize production, according to a
preestablished carrying capacity criterion. Optimization tools allow us to make rational and
transparent decisions to solve a well-defined question, decisions that are essential for policy
makers. The outcomes of combining ecosystem models with scenario building and
optimization facilitate planning based on an ecosystem approach, highlighting the capabilities
of ecosystem modeling as a tool for marine spatial planning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guyondet, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comeau, L.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Grant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiological indices as indicators of ecosystem status in shellfish aquaculture sites</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X13004962</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134 - 143</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The filtration activity of cultured mussels may exert a strong control on phytoplankton populations. Given that phytoplankton constitutes the base of marine food webs, carrying capacity in shellfish aquaculture sites has been commonly studied in terms of phytoplankton depletion. However, spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton concentration in coastal areas present a methodological constraint for using phytoplankton depletion as an indicator in monitoring programs, and necessitates intensive field campaigns. The main goal of this study is to explore the potential of different bivalve performance indices for use as alternatives to phytoplankton depletion as cost-effective indicators of carrying capacity. For that, a fully spatial hydrodynamic–biogeochemical coupled model of Tracadie Bay, an intensive mussel culture embayment located in Prince of Edward Island (Canada), has been constructed and scenario building has been used to explore the relationship between phytoplankton depletion and bivalve performance. Our underlying premise is that overstocking of bivalves leads to increased competition for food resources, i.e. phytoplankton, which may ultimately have a significant effect on bivalve growth rate and performance. Following this working hypothesis, the relationships among bay-scale phytoplankton depletion and three bivalve physiological indices, one static, condition index, and two dynamic, tissue mass and shell length growth rates, have been simulated. These three metrics present methodological advantages compared to phytoplankton depletion for incorporation into monitoring programs. Although significant correlations among phytoplankton depletion and the three physiological indices have been observed, shell length growth rate is shown as the most sensitive indicator of carrying capacity, followed by tissue mass growth rate and then by condition index. These results demonstrate the potentiality of using bivalve physiological measurements in monitoring programs as indicators of ecosystem status.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramón Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guyondet, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comeau, Luc A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Grant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Storm-induced changes in coastal geomorphology control estuarine secondary productivity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth&#039;s Future</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth&#039;s Future</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000145/abstract;jsessionid=DBD0FB7B2443BD9C9D658F85A42F41FD.f04t04</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a - n/a</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estuarine ecosystems are highly sensitive not only to projected effects of climate change such as ocean warming, acidification, and sea-level rise but also to the incidence of nor&#039;easter storms and hurricanes. The effects of storms and hurricanes can be extreme, with immediate impact on coastal geomorphology and water circulation, which is integral to estuarine function and consequently to provision of ecosystem services. In this article, we present the results of a natural estuarine-scale experiment on the effects of changes in coastal geomorphology on hydrodynamics and aquaculture production. A bay in Prince Edward Island, Canada, was altered when a nor&#039;easter storm eroded a second tidal inlet through a barrier island. Previous field and modeling studies allowed a comparison of prestorm and post-storm circulation, food limitation by cultured mussels, and aquaculture harvest. Dramatic increases in mussel production occurred in the year following the opening of the new inlet. Model studies showed that post-storm circulation reduced food limitation for cultured mussels, allowing greater growth. Climate change is expected to have severe effects on the delivery of marine ecosystem services to human populations by changing the underlying physical-biological coupling inherent to their functioning.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Grant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Stuart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. S. Brown</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem modelling for ecosystem-based management of bivalve aquaculture sites in data‑poor environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aquacult Environ Interact</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v4/n2/p117-133/</style></url></web-urls></urls><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></section><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-133</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although models of carrying capacity have been around for some time, their use in aquaculture management has been limited. This is partially due to the cost involved in generating and testing the models. However, the use of more generic and flexible models could facilitate the implementation of modelling in management. We have built a generic core for coupling biogeochemical and hydrodynamic models using Simile (www.simulistics.com), a visual simulation environment software that is well-suited to accommodate fully spatial models. Specifically, Simile integrates PEST (model-independent parameter estimation, Watermark Numerical Computing, www.pesthomepage.org), an optimization tool that uses the Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm and can be used to estimate the value of a parameter, or set of parameters, in order to minimize the discrepancies between the model results and a dataset chosen by the user. The other critical aspect of modelling exercises is the large amount of data necessary to set up, tune and groundtruth the ecosystem model. However, ecoinformatics and improvements in remote sensing procedures have facilitated acquisition of these datasets, even in data-poor environments. In this paper we describe the required datasets and stages of model development necessary to build a biogeochemical model that can be used as a decision-making tool for bivalve aquaculture management in data-poor environments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramón Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Grant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cédric Bacher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michel Carreau</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A physical–biogeochemical coupling scheme for modeling marine coastal ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Informatics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954111000975</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-80</style></pages></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramon Filgueira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Grant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Box Model for Ecosystem-Level Management of Mussel Culture Carrying Capacity in a Coastal Bay</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture is determined by the interaction of cultured species with the ecosystem, particularly food availability to suspension feeders. A multiple box dynamic ecosystem model was constructed to examine the carrying capacity for mussel (Mytilus edulis) aquaculture in Tracadie Bay, Prince of Edward Island, Canada. Criteria for carrying capacity were based on chlorophyll concentration. The model was run in two different years (1998 and 1999) in which time series for three points inside the bay and a point outside the bay were available. This data set allows spatial validation of the ecosystem model and assessment of its sensitivity to changes in boundary conditions. The model validation process indicated that the differential equations and parameters used in the simulation provided robust prediction of the ecological dynamics within the bay. Results verified that mussel biomass exerts top-down control of phytoplankton populations.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Grant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristian J. Curran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas L. Guyondet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guglielmo Tita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cédric Bacher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vladimir Koutitonsky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Dowd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entrée, Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aquaculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrying-capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magdalen Islands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mussels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">200</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193-206</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;An object-oriented model of environment&amp;ndash;mussel aquaculture interactions and mussel carrying-capacity within Lagune de la Grande-Entr&amp;eacute;e (GEL), Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Qu&amp;eacute;bec, was constructed to assist in development of sustainable mussel culture in this region. A multiple box ecosystem model for GEL tied to the output of a hydrodynamic model was constructed using Simile software, which has inherent ability to represent spatial elements and specify water exchange between modelled regions. Mussel growth and other field data were used for model validation. Plackett&amp;ndash;Burman sensitivity analysis demonstrated that a variety of bioenergetic parameters of zooplankton and phytoplankton submodels were important in model outcomes. Model results demonstrated that mussel aquaculture can be further developed throughout the lagoon. At present culture densities, phytoplankton depletion is minimal, and there is little food limitation of mussel growth. Results indicated that increased stocking density of mussels in the existing farm will lead to decreased mass per individual mussel. Depending on the location of new farm emplacement within the lagoon, implementation of new aquaculture sites either reduced mussel growth in the existing farm due to depletion of phytoplankton, or exhibited minimum negative impact on the existing farm. With development throughout GEL, an excess of phytoplankton was observed during the year in all modelled regions, even at stocking densities as high as 20&amp;nbsp;mussels&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Although mussels cultured at this density do not substantially impact the ecosystem, their growth is controlled by the flux of phytoplankton food and abundance of zooplankton competitors. This model provides an effective tool to examine expansion of shellfish farming to new areas, balancing culture location and density.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record></records></xml>