<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schulze, Kiowa Alraune</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenthal, Gert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peringer, Alexander</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intermediate foraging large herbivores maintain semi-open habitats in wilderness landscape simulations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-07-2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380018301133</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10 - 21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In the context of the rewilding Europe debate, the German national strategy on biodiversity aims to dedicate two percent of the German state area to wilderness development until 2020. Many of these potential large wilderness reserves harbor open habitats that require protection according to the Flora-Fauna-Habitat-directive of the European Union. As forests prevail in potential natural vegetation, research is required, to which extent wild large herbivores and natural disturbances may create semi-open landscape patterns in the long-term. We used the spatially explicit process-based model of pasture-woodland ecosystem dynamics WoodPaM, to analyze the long-term interactions between intermediate foraging large wild herbivores and vegetation dynamics in edaphically heterogeneous forest-grassland mosaic landscapes. We newly implemented a routine for intermediate foraging herbivores. We determined herbivore impact on vegetation from the quantitative balance between the demand and supply of herbaceous forage and woody browse. In abstract landscapes that represent the conditions in the established German wilderness area &amp;quot;D&amp;ouml;beritzer Heide&amp;quot;, we simulated potential future landscape dynamics on open land, in forest and along forest edges with and without intermediate foraging large herbivores and for a climate change scenario. In our simulations the currently open landscape was conserved and even more the opening of current oak and beech forest was promoted. Canopy thinning and patch-mosaics of oak, birch, poplar and pine stands increased the overall nature conservation value in the long-term. To the contrary, open habitats were lost in simulations without herbivores. Moreover, our simulations suggested that intermediate foraging herbivores are especially suitable to maintain semi-open landscapes in wilderness areas, because (i) no additional winter forage was required, the natural availability of browse was sufficient. (ii) Their grazing maintained open land and their browsing thinned tree canopies even on poor sites that were unattractive for foraging. Here, habitat was maintained for threatened species from dry grasslands.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peringer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buttler, Alexandre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillet, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pătru-Stupariu, Ileana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schulze, Kiowa A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stupariu, Mihai-Sorin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenthal, Gert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disturbance-grazer-vegetation interactions maintain habitat diversity in mountain pasture-woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-09-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030438001730100Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S030438001730100X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S030438001730100X?httpAccept=text/plain</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301 - 310</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Low-intensity livestock grazing is a widespread management tool in order to maintain habitat diversity in mountain pasture-woodlands for nature conservation purposes. Historical photographs indicate that forest disturbance significantly contributed to forest-grassland mosaic pattern formation. Disturbance-grazer interactions are however poorly understood and the effects of logging or windthrow are rarely considered in management plans. Moreover, disturbance-grazer interactions are crucial for the maintenance of open habitats in the upcoming &amp;ldquo;rewilding&amp;rdquo; approach of nature conservation. We aimed to understand the effects of forest gap creation by the breakdown of senile trees or by single-tree cutting and of large forest openings by windthrow or logging on mosaic pattern formation in pasture-woodlands that were grazed by cattle and dominated by tree species with distinct regeneration ecology (Picea abies vs. Fagus sylvatica). We used the process-based model of pasture-woodland vegetation dynamics WoodPaM and newly implemented a forest disturbance routine. We simulated disturbance and grazing scenarios in an artificial mountain landscape and analyzed mosaic patterns with landscape metrics. We found that grazing in absence of disturbance promoted simply structured mosaics that were preconditioned by topography. Only large-scale forest disturbance disrupted this pattern and maintained the historical heterogeneous distribution of grassland communities across all habitat conditions (especially species-rich mountain grasslands on poor soil). This prerequisite is stronger in pasture-woodlands where the ecology of the dominant tree species promotes forest-grassland segregation (F. sylvatica in our case) and less in naturally thin-canopy mountain forest close to the tree line (P. abies). In wilderness areas, the very low density of grazers may limit the maintenance of open habitats regardless disturbance.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peringer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillet, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenthal, Gert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoicescu, Ioana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pătru-Stupariu, Ileana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stupariu, Mihai-Sorin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buttler, Alexandre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape-scale simulation experiments test Romanian and Swiss management guidelines for mountain pasture-woodland habitat diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-06-2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380016300795</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">330</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41 - 49</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Distinct guidelines have been proposed in Romania and Switzerland for the management of pasture-woodlands that either focused on the regulation of grazing pressure (Romanian production perspective) or overall tree cover (Swiss conservation perspective). However, the landscape structural diversity and the cover of forest-grassland ecotones, which are both crucial for nature conservation value, were not explicitly considered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We aimed to compare the country-specific management guidelines regarding their efficiency for the conservation of the structurally diverse forest-grassland mosaics in the light of recent land-use and climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In strategic simulation experiments using the process-based model of pasture-woodland ecosystems WoodPaM, we analyzed the relationships among drivers for the formation of mosaic patterns (grazing intensity, climate change) and the resulting landscape properties (tree cover, forest-grassland ecotones, mosaic structure) during the past until today (2000 AD).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results showed that tree canopy densification following recent climate warming is likely to trigger landscape structural shifts. Medium grazing pressure promoted the development of the full range of pasture-woodland habitats and is therefore confirmed as a management strategy that balances agronomic demands and nature conservation value. Tree cover is rejected as a criteria to monitor pasture-woodland conservation status, because its relationship to landscape structural diversity and to the cover of forest-grassland ecotones did not hold for changing climate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Our results suggest &amp;ldquo;experimental-retrospective&amp;rdquo; analysis as a useful tool to test conclusions from expert knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peringer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schulze, Kiowa A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stupariu, Ileana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stupariu, Mihai-Sorin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenthal, Gert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buttler, Alexandre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillet, François</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-scale feedbacks between tree regeneration traits and herbivore behavior explain the structure of pasture-woodland mosaics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-05-2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-015-0308-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">913 - 927</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The pasture-woodlands of Central Europe are low-intensity grazing systems in which the structural richness of dynamic forest-grassland mosaics is causal for their high biodiversity. Distinct mosaic patterns in Picea abies- and Fagus sylvatica-dominated pasture-woodlands in the Swiss Jura Mountains suggest a strong influence of tree species regeneration ecology on landscape structural properties. At the landscape scale, however, cause-effect relationships are complicated by habitat selectivity of livestock.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>