%0 Journal Article %J Water Supply %D 2022 %T Water-food-energy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern Africa %A Elsayed, Hamdy %A Djordjević, Slobodan %A Savic, Dragan %A Tsoukalas, Ioannis %A Makropoulos, Christos %X Establishing cooperation in transboundary rivers is challenging especially with the weak or non-existent river basin institutions. A nexus-based approach is developed to explore cooperation opportunities in transboundary river basins while considering system operation and coordination under uncertain hydrologic river regimes. The proposed approach is applied to the Nile river basin with a special focus on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), assuming two possible governance positions: with or without cooperation. A cooperation mechanism is developed to allocate additional releases from the GERD when necessary, while a unilateral position assumes that the GERD is operated to maximize hydropower generation regardless of downstream users' needs. The GERD operation modes were analysed considering operation of downstream reservoirs and varying demands in Egypt. Results show that average basin-wide hydropower generation is likely to increase by about 547 GWh/year (1%) if cooperation is adopted when compared to the unilateral position. In Sudan, hydropower generation and water supply are expected to enhance in the unilateral position and would improve further with cooperation. Furthermore, elevated low flows by the GERD are likely to improve the WFE nexus outcomes in Egypt under full cooperation governance scenario with a small reduction in GERD hydropower generation (2,000 GWh/year (19%)). %B Water Supply %8 Mar-01-2022 %G eng %U https://iwaponline.com/ws/article/doi/10.2166/ws.2022.001/86211/Water-food-energy-nexus-for-transboundary %R 10.2166/ws.2022.001 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management %D 2020 %T The Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam %A Elsayed, Hamdy %A Djordjević, Slobodan %A Savić, Dragan A. %A Tsoukalas, Ioannis %A Makropoulos, Christos %X

Achieving a water, food, and energy (WFE) nexus balance through policy interventions is challenging in a transboundary river basin because of the dynamic nature and intersectoral complexity that may cross borders. The Nile basin is shared by a number of riparian countries and is currently experiencing rapid population and economic growth. This has sparked new developments to meet the growing water, food, and energy demands, alleviate poverty, and improve the livelihood in the basin. Such developments could result in basinwide cooperation or trigger conflicts among the riparian countries. A system dynamics model was developed for the entire Nile basin and integrated with the food and energy sectors in Egypt to investigate the future of the WFE nexus with and without the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) during filling and subsequent operation using basinwide stochastically generated flows. Different filling rates from 10% to 100% of the average monthly flow are considered during the filling process. Results suggest that the GERD filling and operation would affect the WFE nexus in Egypt, with the impact likely to be significant if the filling process occurred during a dry period. Food production from irrigated agriculture would be reduced by 9%–19% during filling and by about 4% during GERD operation compared with the case without it. The irrigation water supply and hydropower generation in Sudan will be reduced during the filling phase of the GERD, but this is expected to be improved during the dam operation phase as a result of the regulation afforded by the GERD. Ethiopian hydropower generation is expected to be boosted by the GERD during the filling and operation of the dam, adding an average of 15,000  GWh/year15,000  GWh/year once GERD comes online. Lastly, the results reveal the urgency of cooperation and coordination among the riparian countries to minimize the regional risks and maximize the regional rewards associated with the GERD.

%B Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management %V 146 %P 04020085 %8 Jan-11-2020 %G eng %U http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0001285http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0001285 %N 11 %! J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. %R 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001285 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Biology of Fishes %D 2018 %T The effect of environmental conditions on Atlantic salmon smolts’ (Salmo salar) bioenergetic requirements and migration through an inland sea %A Strople, Leah C. %A Filgueira, Ramón %A Hatcher, Bruce G. %A Denny, Shelley %A Bordeleau, Xavier %A Whoriskey, Frederick G. %A Crossin, Glenn T. %B Environmental Biology of Fishes %V 101 %P 1467 - 1482 %8 Jan-10-2018 %G eng %U http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-018-0792-5http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10641-018-0792-5.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-018-0792-5/fulltext.htmlhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10641-018-0792-5.pdf %N 10 %! Environ Biol Fish %R 10.1007/s10641-018-0792-5 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %D 2014 %T Multiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and whole-organism growth %A Chew, Y. H. %A Wenden, B. %A Flis, A. %A Mengin, V. %A Taylor, J. %A Davey, C. L. %A Tindal, C. %A Thomas, H. %A Ougham, H. J. %A de Reffye, P. %A Stitt, M. %A Williams, M. %A Muetzelfeldt, R. %A Halliday, K. J. %A Millar, A. J. %X Understanding how dynamic molecular networks affect whole-organism physiology, analogous to mapping genotype to phenotype, remains a key challenge in biology. Quantitative models that represent processes at multiple scales and link understanding from several research domains can help to tackle this problem. Such integrated models are more common in crop science and ecophysiology than in the research communities that elucidate molecular networks. Several laboratories have modeled particular aspects of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it was unclear whether these existing models could productively be combined. We test this approach by constructing a multiscale model of Arabidopsis rosette growth. Four existing models were integrated with minimal parameter modification (leaf water content and one flowering parameter used measured data). The resulting framework model links genetic regulation and biochemical dynamics to events at the organ and whole-plant levels, helping to understand the combined effects of endogenous and environmental regulators on Arabidopsis growth. The framework model was validated and tested with metabolic, physiological, and biomass data from two laboratories, for five photoperiods, three accessions, and a transgenic line, highlighting the plasticity of plant growth strategies. The model was extended to include stochastic development. Model simulations gave insight into the developmental control of leaf production and provided a quantitative explanation for the pleiotropic developmental phenotype caused by overexpression of miR156, which was an open question. Modular, multiscale models, assembling knowledge from systems biology to ecophysiology, will help to understand and to engineer plant behavior from the genome to the field. %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %U http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/08/27/1410238111.full.pdf+html?sid=66edb45d-8e99-4d84-a072-a47729a65e14 %! Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %R 10.1073/pnas.1410238111 %0 Book Section %B Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment %D 2008 %T Chapter Seven Integrated Modelling Frameworks for Environmental Assessment and Decision Support %A A. E. Rizzoli %A G. Leavesley %A J. C. Ascough II %A R. M. Argent %A I. N. Athanasiadis %A V. Brilhante %A F. H. A. Claeys %A O. David %A M. Donatelli %A P. Gijsbers %A D. Havlik %A A. Kassahun %A P. Krause %A N. W. T. Quinn %A H. Scholten %A R. S. Sojda %A F. Villa %E A. J. Jakeman %E A. A. Voinov %E A. E. Rizzoli %E S. H. Chen %K environmental integrated modelling frameworks %K knowledge representation %K model engineering %K model management %K modelling frameworks %X

In this chapter we investigate the motivation behind the development of modelling frameworks that explicitly target the environmental domain. Despite many commercial and industrial-strength frameworks being available, we claim that there is a definite niche for environmental-specific frameworks. We first introduce a general definition of what is an environmental integrated modelling framework, leading to an outline of the requirements for a generic software architecture for such frameworks. This identifies the need for a knowledge layer to support the modelling layer and an experimentation layer to support the execution of models.

The chapter then focuses on the themes of knowledge representation, model management and model execution. We advocate that appropriate knowledge representation and management tools can facilitate model integration and linking. We stress that a model development process adhering to industry standards and good practices, called “model engineering,” is to be pursued. We focus on the requirements of the experimental frame, which can ensure transparency and traceability in the execution of simulation scenarios and optimisation problems associated with complex integrated assessment studies.

A promising trend for knowledge representation is the use of ontologies that have the capacity to elicit the meaning of knowledge in a manner that is logical, consistent and understandable by computers and the knowledge worker community. This new path in knowledge-based computing will support retention of institutional knowledge, while putting modelling back in the hands of modellers. Environmental modelling will then become a conceptual activity, focusing on model design rather than model implementation, with code generation being delegated to some degree to ontology-aware tools. In this respect, we envision the whole model lifecycle to change drastically, becoming more of a theoretical activity and less of a coding-intensive, highly engineering-oriented task.

%B Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment %I Elsevier %V 3 %P 101-118 %@ 9780080568867 %& 7 %R doi:10.1016/S1574-101X(08)00607-8 %0 Journal Article %J Mathematics and Computers in Simulation %D 2008 %T Semantic links in integrated modelling frameworks %A Andrea E. Rizzoli %A Marcello Donatelli %A Ioannis N. Athanasiadis %A Ferdinando Villa %A David Huber %K Integrated modelling frameworks %K Model linking %K Model reuse %K Ontologies %X

It is commonly accepted that modelling frameworks offer a powerful tool for modellers, researchers and decision makers, since they allow the management, re-use and integration of mathematical models from various disciplines and at different spatial and temporal scales. However, the actual re-usability of models depends on a number of factors such as the accessibility of the source code, the compatibility of different binary platforms, and often it is left to the modellers own discipline and responsibility to structure a complex model in such a way that it is decomposed in smaller re-usable sub-components. What reusable and interchangeable means is also somewhat vague; although several approaches to build modelling frameworks have been developed, little attention has been dedicated to the intrinsic re-usability of components, in particular between different modelling frameworks. In this paper, we focus on how models can be linked together to build complex integrated models. We stress that even if a model component interface is clear and reusable from a software standpoint, this is not a sufficient condition for reusing a component across different integrated modelling frameworks. This reveals the need for adding rich semantics in model interfaces.

%B Mathematics and Computers in Simulation %V 78 %P 412-423 %8 07/2008 %N 2-3 %R dx:10.1016/j.matcom.2008.01.017 %0 Journal Article %J Ecological Modelling, %D 2007 %T A box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entrée, Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec %A Jon Grant %A Kristian J. Curran %A Thomas L. Guyondet %A Guglielmo Tita %A Cédric Bacher %A Vladimir Koutitonsky %A Michael Dowd %K Aquaculture %K Carrying-capacity %K Ecosystem model %K Magdalen Islands %K Mussels %X

An object-oriented model of environment–mussel aquaculture interactions and mussel carrying-capacity within Lagune de la Grande-Entrée (GEL), Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, was constructed to assist in development of sustainable mussel culture in this region. A multiple box ecosystem model for GEL tied to the output of a hydrodynamic model was constructed using Simile software, which has inherent ability to represent spatial elements and specify water exchange between modelled regions. Mussel growth and other field data were used for model validation. Plackett–Burman sensitivity analysis demonstrated that a variety of bioenergetic parameters of zooplankton and phytoplankton submodels were important in model outcomes. Model results demonstrated that mussel aquaculture can be further developed throughout the lagoon. At present culture densities, phytoplankton depletion is minimal, and there is little food limitation of mussel growth. Results indicated that increased stocking density of mussels in the existing farm will lead to decreased mass per individual mussel. Depending on the location of new farm emplacement within the lagoon, implementation of new aquaculture sites either reduced mussel growth in the existing farm due to depletion of phytoplankton, or exhibited minimum negative impact on the existing farm. With development throughout GEL, an excess of phytoplankton was observed during the year in all modelled regions, even at stocking densities as high as 20 mussels m−3. Although mussels cultured at this density do not substantially impact the ecosystem, their growth is controlled by the flux of phytoplankton food and abundance of zooplankton competitors. This model provides an effective tool to examine expansion of shellfish farming to new areas, balancing culture location and density.

%B Ecological Modelling, %V 200 %P 193-206 %8 1/2007 %N 1-2 %R doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.026