02003nas a2200181 4500008003900000022001300039245013200052210006900184260001200253300001200265490000700277520134100284100002001625700001501645700001701660700001701677856012701694 2015 d a2212041600aThe Multiscale Integrated Model of Ecosystem Services (MIMES): Simulating the interactions of coupled human and natural systems0 aMultiscale Integrated Model of Ecosystem Services MIMES Simulati c04/2015 a30 - 410 v123 aIn coupled human and natural systems ecosystem services form the link between ecosystem function and what humans want and need from their surroundings. Interactions between natural and human components are bidirectional and define the dynamics of the total system. Here we describe the MIMES, an analytical framework designed to assess the dynamics associated with ecosystem service function and human activities. MIMES integrate diverse types of knowledge and elucidate how benefits from ecosystem services are gained and lost. In MIMES, users formalize how materials are transformed between natural, human, built, and social capitals. This information is synthesized within a systems model to forecast ecosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The MIMES requires that multiple ecological and human dynamics be specified, and that outputs may be understood through different temporal and spatial lenses to assess the effects of different actions in the short and long term and at different spatial scales. Here we describe how MIMES methodologies were developed in association with three case studies: a global application, a watershed model, and a marine application. We discuss the advantages and disadvantage of the MIMES approach and compare it to other broadly used ecosystem service assessment tools.1 aBoumans, Roelof1 aRoman, Joe1 aAltman, Irit1 aKaufman, Les u//www.simulistics.com/publications/multiscale-integrated-model-ecosystem-services-mimes-simulating-interactions-coupled-hu00792nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245013900054210006900193260001600262300001200278490001000290100001300300700001400313700001600327700001400343700002000357856023300377 2012 eng d a1364815200aUncovering land-use dynamics driven by human decision-making – A combined model approach using cellular automata and system dynamics0 aUncovering landuse dynamics driven by human decisionmaking A com cJan-01-2012 a71 - 820 v27-281 aLauf, S.1 aHaase, D.1 aHostert, P.1 aLakes, T.1 aKleinschmit, B. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815211002039https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364815211002039?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364815211002039?httpAccept=text/plain03363nas a2200445 4500008003900000020001800039245010000057210006900157260001400226300001200240490000600252520204200258653005002300653002902350653002202379653002102401653002502422100001702447700001702464700002102481700001602502700002202518700001702540700001802557700001302575700001702588700001602605700001402621700001602635700001402651700001702665700001602682700001502698700001302713700001702726700001602743700001702759700001402776856012702790 2008 d a978008056886700aChapter Seven Integrated Modelling Frameworks for Environmental Assessment and Decision Support0 aChapter Seven Integrated Modelling Frameworks for Environmental  b Elsevier a101-1180 v33 a

In this chapter we investigate the motivation behind the development of modelling frameworks that explicitly target the environmental domain. Despite many commercial and industrial-strength frameworks being available, we claim that there is a definite niche for environmental-specific frameworks. We first introduce a general definition of what is an environmental integrated modelling framework, leading to an outline of the requirements for a generic software architecture for such frameworks. This identifies the need for a knowledge layer to support the modelling layer and an experimentation layer to support the execution of models.

The chapter then focuses on the themes of knowledge representation, model management and model execution. We advocate that appropriate knowledge representation and management tools can facilitate model integration and linking. We stress that a model development process adhering to industry standards and good practices, called “model engineering,” is to be pursued. We focus on the requirements of the experimental frame, which can ensure transparency and traceability in the execution of simulation scenarios and optimisation problems associated with complex integrated assessment studies.

A promising trend for knowledge representation is the use of ontologies that have the capacity to elicit the meaning of knowledge in a manner that is logical, consistent and understandable by computers and the knowledge worker community. This new path in knowledge-based computing will support retention of institutional knowledge, while putting modelling back in the hands of modellers. Environmental modelling will then become a conceptual activity, focusing on model design rather than model implementation, with code generation being delegated to some degree to ontology-aware tools. In this respect, we envision the whole model lifecycle to change drastically, becoming more of a theoretical activity and less of a coding-intensive, highly engineering-oriented task.

10aenvironmental integrated modelling frameworks10aknowledge representation10amodel engineering10amodel management10amodelling frameworks1 aRizzoli, A E1 aLeavesley, G1 aII, Ascough, J C1 aArgent, R M1 aAthanasiadis, I N1 aBrilhante, V1 aClaeys, F H A1 aDavid, O1 aDonatelli, M1 aGijsbers, P1 aHavlik, D1 aKassahun, A1 aKrause, P1 aQuinn, N W T1 aScholten, H1 aSojda, R S1 aVilla, F1 aJakeman, A J1 aVoinov, A A1 aRizzoli, A E1 aChen, S H u//www.simulistics.com/publications/chapter-seven-integrated-modelling-frameworks-environmental-assessment-and-decision-sup01794nas a2200229 4500008003900000245012200039210006900161260001200230300001300242490000700255520108800262653001101350653001401361653001601375653001501391653002101406653001701427100002101444700002201465700002101487856005601508 2008 d00aThe effect of vegetation on pesticide dissipation from ponded treatment wetlands: Quantification using a simple model0 aeffect of vegetation on pesticide dissipation from ponded treatm c07/2008 a999-10050 v723 a

Field data shows that plants accelerate pesticide dissipation from aquatic systems by increasing sedimentation, biofilm contact and photolysis. In this study, a graphical model was constructed and calibrated with site-specific and supplementary data to describe the loss of two pesticides, endosulfan and fluometuron, from a vegetated and a non-vegetated pond. In the model, the major processes responsible for endosulfan dissipation were alkaline hydrolysis and sedimentation, with the former process being reduced by vegetation and the latter enhanced. Fluometuron dissipation resulted primarily from biofilm reaction and photolysis, both of which were increased by vegetation. Here, greater photolysis under vegetation arose from faster sedimentation and increased light penetration, despite shading. Management options for employing constructed wetlands to polish pesticide-contaminated agricultural runoff are discussed. The lack of easily fulfilled sub-models and data describing the effect of aquatic vegetation on water chemistry and sedimentation is also highlighted.

10aCotton10aHerbicide10aInsecticide10aMacrophyte10aPhytoremediation10aRunoff water1 aRose, Michael, T1 aCrossan, Angus, N1 aKennedy, Ivan, R uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.05903699nas a2200193 4500008003900000245016300039210006900202260001200271300001400283490000800297520302600305653001403331653002603345653002003371653002303391653001903414100001903433856005303452 2008 d00aModelling the impacts of various thinning intensities on tree growth and survival in a mixed species eucalypt forest in central Gippsland, Victoria, Australia0 aModelling the impacts of various thinning intensities on tree gr c12/2008 a2007-20170 v2563 a

The response of tree survival and diameter growth to thinning treatments was examined over 29 years, in various thinning treatments established in a 21-year-old even-aged mixed species regenerating forest in Victoria, Australia. The treatments were control, crown release, strip thinning and three different intensities of thinning from below (light, moderate, and heavy). Each treatment was replicated three times in a complete randomised design. Logistic and multilevel regression analyses showed that tree survival, growth and thinning response (change of tree growth due to a thinning treatment) were functions of tree species, size, age, removed and remaining competition, as well as time since the treatment. Mean annual tree diameter growth in unthinned stands was highest for Eucalyptus sieberi L. Johnson (1.9 mm) followed by Eucalyptus baxteri (Benth.) Maiden & Blakely ex J. Black (1.6 mm), and lowest for both Eucalyptus consideniana (Maiden) and Eucalyptus radiata (Sieber ex DC) combined (0.7 mm). Diameter growth increased with tree size for both E. sieberi and E. baxteri, but not for E. consideniana and E. radiata. Smaller trees were more likely to die due to shading and suppression than their larger counterparts. A mortality model suggested, however, that both shading and suppression had very little effect on trees in both E. consideniana and E. radiata species, which were less likely to die compared to trees in the other species. This result indicates that both E. consideniana and E. radiata species may be relatively shade tolerant compared with the other species. Total thinning response was a sum of positive (increased growing space) and negative (thinning stress) effects. Following thinning, smaller trees showed signs of thinning stress for the first one or two years, after which the highest percentage thinning response was observed. While larger trees were initially less responsive to thinning, the rate of decrease in the response for subsequent years was greater in smaller trees than larger ones. The average amount of thinning response showed similar trends to diameter growth increasing from E. sieberi (1.7 mm) through E. baxteri (0.6 mm) to both E. consideniana and E. radiata (0.5 mm). This translates into low average percentage thinning response in E. baxteri (34%), twice as much in both E. consideniana and E. radiata (69%) and highest overall percentage response in E. sieberi (87%). Thinning response and the duration of this response appeared to increase with thinning intensity and was still evident 29 years after thinning. Heavy thinning did, however, reduce the number of trees to a severely under-stocked condition, which prohibited optimum site occupancy, requiring 29 years of post-thinning development for the heavily thinned stands to regain their pre-thinning stand basal area.

10aAustralia10aDiameter distribution10aDiameter growth10aThinning intensity10aTree mortality1 aKariuki, Maina uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.035 02788nas a2200265 4500008003900000245013300039210006900172260001100241300001200252490000800264520188500272653001602157653002202173653002002195653002102215653001202236100001502248700002402263700002402287700002002311700002002331700002602351700001802377856012702395 2007 d00aA box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entrée, Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec 0 abox model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture  c1/2007 a193-2060 v2003 a

An object-oriented model of environment–mussel aquaculture interactions and mussel carrying-capacity within Lagune de la Grande-Entrée (GEL), Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, was constructed to assist in development of sustainable mussel culture in this region. A multiple box ecosystem model for GEL tied to the output of a hydrodynamic model was constructed using Simile software, which has inherent ability to represent spatial elements and specify water exchange between modelled regions. Mussel growth and other field data were used for model validation. Plackett–Burman sensitivity analysis demonstrated that a variety of bioenergetic parameters of zooplankton and phytoplankton submodels were important in model outcomes. Model results demonstrated that mussel aquaculture can be further developed throughout the lagoon. At present culture densities, phytoplankton depletion is minimal, and there is little food limitation of mussel growth. Results indicated that increased stocking density of mussels in the existing farm will lead to decreased mass per individual mussel. Depending on the location of new farm emplacement within the lagoon, implementation of new aquaculture sites either reduced mussel growth in the existing farm due to depletion of phytoplankton, or exhibited minimum negative impact on the existing farm. With development throughout GEL, an excess of phytoplankton was observed during the year in all modelled regions, even at stocking densities as high as 20 mussels m−3. Although mussels cultured at this density do not substantially impact the ecosystem, their growth is controlled by the flux of phytoplankton food and abundance of zooplankton competitors. This model provides an effective tool to examine expansion of shellfish farming to new areas, balancing culture location and density.

10aAquaculture10aCarrying-capacity10aEcosystem model10aMagdalen Islands10aMussels1 aGrant, Jon1 aCurran, Kristian, J1 aGuyondet, Thomas, L1 aTita, Guglielmo1 aBacher, Cédric1 aKoutitonsky, Vladimir1 aDowd, Michael u//www.simulistics.com/publications/box-model-carrying-capacity-suspended-mussel-aquaculture-lagune-de-la-grande-entr-e-ile00781nas a2200241 4500008003900000022001000039245010700049210006900156100001500225700001600240700001300256700001600269700001400285700001300299700001300312700001800325700001600343700001600359700002100375700001200396700001400408856011700422 2007 d aHTA 900aThe clinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)0 aclinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillinresis1 aK, Ritchie1 aI, Bradbury1 aJ, Craig1 aJ, Eastgate1 aL, Foster1 aH, Kohli1 aK, Iqbal1 aK, MacPherson1 aT, McCarthy1 aH, McIntosh1 aE, Nic Lochlainn1 aM, Reid1 aJ, Taylor uhttp://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/his/idoc.ashx?docid=4cd58ffa-afdb-45bb-b0d5-22782b3f327d&version=-1