02028nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001600200520142000216100001901636700002601655700001801681700002301699700002601722856011001748       2022                        eng d  a1606-974900aWater-food-energy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern Africa0 aWaterfoodenergy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern A  cMar-01-20223 aEstablishing cooperation in transboundary rivers is challenging especially with the weak or non-existent river basin institutions. A nexus-based approach is developed to explore cooperation opportunities in transboundary river basins while considering system operation and coordination under uncertain hydrologic river regimes. The proposed approach is applied to the Nile river basin with a special focus on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), assuming two possible governance positions: with or without cooperation. A cooperation mechanism is developed to allocate additional releases from the GERD when necessary, while a unilateral position assumes that the GERD is operated to maximize hydropower generation regardless of downstream users' needs. The GERD operation modes were analysed considering operation of downstream reservoirs and varying demands in Egypt. Results show that average basin-wide hydropower generation is likely to increase by about 547 GWh/year (1%) if cooperation is adopted when compared to the unilateral position. In Sudan, hydropower generation and water supply are expected to enhance in the unilateral position and would improve further with cooperation. Furthermore, elevated low flows by the GERD are likely to improve the WFE nexus outcomes in Egypt under full cooperation governance scenario with a small reduction in GERD hydropower generation (2,000 GWh/year (19%)).
1 aElsayed, Hamdy1 aDjordjević, Slobodan1 aSavic, Dragan1 aTsoukalas, Ioannis1 aMakropoulos, Christos  uhttps://iwaponline.com/ws/article/doi/10.2166/ws.2022.001/86211/Water-food-energy-nexus-for-transboundary02741nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300001300243490000800256520202700264100001902291700002602310700002302336700002302359700002602382856013902408       2020                        eng d  a0733-949600aThe Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam0 aNile WaterFoodEnergy Nexus under Uncertainty Impacts of the Gran  cJan-11-2020  a040200850 v1463 a<p>Achieving a water, food, and energy (WFE) nexus balance through policy interventions is challenging in a transboundary river basin because of the dynamic nature and intersectoral complexity that may cross borders. The Nile basin is shared by a number of riparian countries and is currently experiencing rapid population and economic growth. This has sparked new developments to meet the growing water, food, and energy demands, alleviate poverty, and improve the livelihood in the basin. Such developments could result in basinwide cooperation or trigger conflicts among the riparian countries. A system dynamics model was developed for the entire Nile basin and integrated with the food and energy sectors in Egypt to investigate the future of the WFE nexus with and without the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) during filling and subsequent operation using basinwide stochastically generated flows. Different filling rates from 10% to 100% of the average monthly flow are considered during the filling process. Results suggest that the GERD filling and operation would affect the WFE nexus in Egypt, with the impact likely to be significant if the filling process occurred during a dry period. Food production from irrigated agriculture would be reduced by 9%&ndash;19% during filling and by about 4% during GERD operation compared with the case without it. The irrigation water supply and hydropower generation in Sudan will be reduced during the filling phase of the GERD, but this is expected to be improved during the dam operation phase as a result of the regulation afforded by the GERD. Ethiopian hydropower generation is expected to be boosted by the GERD during the filling and operation of the dam, adding an average of 15,000&thinsp;&thinsp;GWh/year15,000&thinsp;&thinsp;GWh/year once GERD comes online. Lastly, the results reveal the urgency of cooperation and coordination among the riparian countries to minimize the regional risks and maximize the regional rewards associated with the GERD.</p>
1 aElsayed, Hamdy1 aDjordjević, Slobodan1 aSavić, Dragan, A.1 aTsoukalas, Ioannis1 aMakropoulos, Christos  uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0001285http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.000128500781nas a2200241   4500008003900000022001000039245010700049210006900156100001500225700001600240700001300256700001600269700001400285700001300299700001300312700001800325700001600343700001600359700002100375700001200396700001400408856011700422       2007                          d  aHTA 900aThe clinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)0 aclinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillinresis1 aK, Ritchie1 aI, Bradbury1 aJ, Craig1 aJ, Eastgate1 aL, Foster1 aH, Kohli1 aK, Iqbal1 aK, MacPherson1 aT, McCarthy1 aH, McIntosh1 aE, Nic Lochlainn1 aM, Reid1 aJ, Taylor  uhttp://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/his/idoc.ashx?docid=4cd58ffa-afdb-45bb-b0d5-22782b3f327d&version=-101633nas a2200229   4500008003900000245011300039210006900152260001300221300001000234490000700244520085700251653002001108653002501128653001501153653001301168653001801181653001301199653002301212100002101235700002001256856012701276       2007                          d00aEvaluation and comparison of models and modelling tools simulating nitrogen processes in treatment wetlands 0 aEvaluation and comparison of models and modelling tools simulati  bElsevier  a26-490 v163 a<p>In this paper, two ecological models of nitrogen processes in treatment wetlands have been evaluated and compared. These models were implemented, simulated, and visualized using the Modelica modelling and simulation language [P. Fritzson, Principles of Object-Oriented Modelling and Simulation with Modelica 2.1 (Wiley-IEEE Press, USA, 2004).] and an associated tool. The differences and similarities between the MathModelica Model Editor and three other ecological modelling tools have also been evaluated. The results show that the models can well be modelled and simulated in the MathModelica Model Editor, and that nitrogen decrease in a constructed treatment wetland should be described and simulated using the Nitrification/Denitrification model as this model has the highest overall quality score and provides a more variable environment.</p>10aDenitrification10aEcological modelling10aEvaluation10aModelica10aNitrification10aNitrogen10aTreatment wetlands1 aEdelfeldt, Stina1 aFritzson, Peter  u//www.simulistics.com/publications/evaluation-and-comparison-models-and-modelling-tools-simulating-nitrogen-processes-trea