@article {4407,
	title = {Water-food-energy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern Africa},
	journal = {Water Supply},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Mar-01-2022},
	abstract = {Establishing cooperation in transboundary rivers is challenging especially with the weak or non-existent river basin institutions. A nexus-based approach is developed to explore cooperation opportunities in transboundary river basins while considering system operation and coordination under uncertain hydrologic river regimes. The proposed approach is applied to the Nile river basin with a special focus on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), assuming two possible governance positions: with or without cooperation. A cooperation mechanism is developed to allocate additional releases from the GERD when necessary, while a unilateral position assumes that the GERD is operated to maximize hydropower generation regardless of downstream users{\textquoteright} needs. The GERD operation modes were analysed considering operation of downstream reservoirs and varying demands in Egypt. Results show that average basin-wide hydropower generation is likely to increase by about 547 GWh/year (1\%) if cooperation is adopted when compared to the unilateral position. In Sudan, hydropower generation and water supply are expected to enhance in the unilateral position and would improve further with cooperation. Furthermore, elevated low flows by the GERD are likely to improve the WFE nexus outcomes in Egypt under full cooperation governance scenario with a small reduction in GERD hydropower generation (2,000 GWh/year (19\%)).
},
	issn = {1606-9749},
	doi = {10.2166/ws.2022.001},
	url = {https://iwaponline.com/ws/article/doi/10.2166/ws.2022.001/86211/Water-food-energy-nexus-for-transboundary},
	author = {Elsayed, Hamdy and Djordjevi{\'c}, Slobodan and Savic, Dragan and Tsoukalas, Ioannis and Makropoulos, Christos}
}
@article {4394,
	title = {The Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam},
	journal = {Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management},
	volume = {146},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-11-2020},
	pages = {04020085},
	abstract = {<p>Achieving a water, food, and energy (WFE) nexus balance through policy interventions is challenging in a transboundary river basin because of the dynamic nature and intersectoral complexity that may cross borders. The Nile basin is shared by a number of riparian countries and is currently experiencing rapid population and economic growth. This has sparked new developments to meet the growing water, food, and energy demands, alleviate poverty, and improve the livelihood in the basin. Such developments could result in basinwide cooperation or trigger conflicts among the riparian countries. A system dynamics model was developed for the entire Nile basin and integrated with the food and energy sectors in Egypt to investigate the future of the WFE nexus with and without the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) during filling and subsequent operation using basinwide stochastically generated flows. Different filling rates from 10\% to 100\% of the average monthly flow are considered during the filling process. Results suggest that the GERD filling and operation would affect the WFE nexus in Egypt, with the impact likely to be significant if the filling process occurred during a dry period. Food production from irrigated agriculture would be reduced by 9\%\&ndash;19\% during filling and by about 4\% during GERD operation compared with the case without it. The irrigation water supply and hydropower generation in Sudan will be reduced during the filling phase of the GERD, but this is expected to be improved during the dam operation phase as a result of the regulation afforded by the GERD. Ethiopian hydropower generation is expected to be boosted by the GERD during the filling and operation of the dam, adding an average of 15,000\&thinsp;\&thinsp;GWh/year15,000\&thinsp;\&thinsp;GWh/year once GERD comes online. Lastly, the results reveal the urgency of cooperation and coordination among the riparian countries to minimize the regional risks and maximize the regional rewards associated with the GERD.</p>
},
	issn = {0733-9496},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001285},
	url = {http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/\%28ASCE\%29WR.1943-5452.0001285http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/\%28ASCE\%29WR.1943-5452.0001285},
	author = {Elsayed, Hamdy and Djordjevi{\'c}, Slobodan and Savi{\'c}, Dragan A. and Tsoukalas, Ioannis and Makropoulos, Christos}
}
@article {4356,
	title = {Intermediate tree cover can maximize groundwater recharge in the seasonally dry tropics},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	doi = {10.1038/srep21930},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930},
	author = {Ilstedt, U. and Bargu?s Tobella, A. and Bazi?, H. R. and Bayala, J. and Verbeeten, E. and Nyberg, G. and Sanou, J. and Benegas, L. and Murdiyarso, D. and Laudon, H. and Sheil, D. and Malmer, A.}
}
@article {4262,
	title = {Multiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and whole-organism growth},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Understanding how dynamic molecular networks affect whole-organism physiology, analogous to mapping genotype to phenotype, remains a key challenge in biology. Quantitative models that represent processes at multiple scales and link understanding from several research domains can help to tackle this problem. Such integrated models are more common in crop science and ecophysiology than in the research communities that elucidate molecular networks. Several laboratories have modeled particular aspects of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it was unclear whether these existing models could productively be combined. We test this approach by constructing a multiscale model of Arabidopsis rosette growth. Four existing models were integrated with minimal parameter modification (leaf water content and one flowering parameter used measured data). The resulting framework model links genetic regulation and biochemical dynamics to events at the organ and whole-plant levels, helping to understand the combined effects of endogenous and environmental regulators on Arabidopsis growth. The framework model was validated and tested with metabolic, physiological, and biomass data from two laboratories, for five photoperiods, three accessions, and a transgenic line, highlighting the plasticity of plant growth strategies. The model was extended to include stochastic development. Model simulations gave insight into the developmental control of leaf production and provided a quantitative explanation for the pleiotropic developmental phenotype caused by overexpression of miR156, which was an open question. Modular, multiscale models, assembling knowledge from systems biology to ecophysiology, will help to understand and to engineer plant behavior from the genome to the field.},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1410238111},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/08/27/1410238111.full.pdf+html?sid=66edb45d-8e99-4d84-a072-a47729a65e14},
	author = {Chew, Y. H. and Wenden, B. and Flis, A. and Mengin, V. and Taylor, J. and Davey, C. L. and Tindal, C. and Thomas, H. and Ougham, H. J. and de Reffye, P. and Stitt, M. and Williams, M. and Muetzelfeldt, R. and Halliday, K. J. and Millar, A. J.}
}
@article {4391,
	title = {Spatiotemporal dynamics of landscape pattern and hydrologic process in watershed systems},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {404},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan-06-2011},
	pages = {1 - 12},
	issn = {00221694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.019},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169411001880https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022169411001880?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022169411001880?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Randhir, Timothy O. and Tsvetkova, Olga}
}
@proceedings {1560,
	title = {CONCEPT MAPS FOR COMBINING HARD AND SOFT SYSTEM THINKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECOSYSTEMS},
	year = {2008},
	url = {http://cmc.ihmc.us/cmc2008papers/cmc2008-p190.pdf},
	author = {Franco Salerno and Emanuele Cuccillato and Robert Muetzelfeldt and Francesco Giannino and Birendra Bajracharya and Paolo Caroli and Gaetano Viviano and Anna Staiano and Fabrizio Carten{\`\i}, and Stefano Mazzoleni and Gianni Tartari}
}
@article {1539,
	title = {A box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entr{\'e}e, Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Qu{\'e}bec },
	journal = {Ecological Modelling,},
	volume = {200},
	year = {2007},
	month = {1/2007},
	pages = {193-206},
	abstract = {<p>An object-oriented model of environment\&ndash;mussel aquaculture interactions and mussel carrying-capacity within Lagune de la Grande-Entr\&eacute;e (GEL), Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Qu\&eacute;bec, was constructed to assist in development of sustainable mussel culture in this region. A multiple box ecosystem model for GEL tied to the output of a hydrodynamic model was constructed using Simile software, which has inherent ability to represent spatial elements and specify water exchange between modelled regions. Mussel growth and other field data were used for model validation. Plackett\&ndash;Burman sensitivity analysis demonstrated that a variety of bioenergetic parameters of zooplankton and phytoplankton submodels were important in model outcomes. Model results demonstrated that mussel aquaculture can be further developed throughout the lagoon. At present culture densities, phytoplankton depletion is minimal, and there is little food limitation of mussel growth. Results indicated that increased stocking density of mussels in the existing farm will lead to decreased mass per individual mussel. Depending on the location of new farm emplacement within the lagoon, implementation of new aquaculture sites either reduced mussel growth in the existing farm due to depletion of phytoplankton, or exhibited minimum negative impact on the existing farm. With development throughout GEL, an excess of phytoplankton was observed during the year in all modelled regions, even at stocking densities as high as 20\&nbsp;mussels\&nbsp;m<sup>\&minus;3</sup>. Although mussels cultured at this density do not substantially impact the ecosystem, their growth is controlled by the flux of phytoplankton food and abundance of zooplankton competitors. This model provides an effective tool to examine expansion of shellfish farming to new areas, balancing culture location and density.</p>},
	keywords = {Aquaculture, Carrying-capacity, Ecosystem model, Magdalen Islands, Mussels},
	doi = {doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.026},
	author = {Jon Grant and Kristian J. Curran and Thomas L. Guyondet and Guglielmo Tita and C{\'e}dric Bacher and Vladimir Koutitonsky and Michael Dowd}
}
@article {4214,
	title = {The clinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)},
	year = {2007},
	issn = {HTA 9},
	url = {http://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/his/idoc.ashx?docid=4cd58ffa-afdb-45bb-b0d5-22782b3f327d\&version=-1},
	author = {Ritchie K and Bradbury I and Craig J and Eastgate J and Foster L and Kohli H and Iqbal K and MacPherson K and McCarthy T and McIntosh H and Nic Lochlainn E and Reid M and Taylor J}
}
